Name and Construction: Originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, the Colosseum earned its name due to its proximity to the colossal statue of Nero that once stood nearby. Construction of this monumental structure began in AD 70 under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in AD 80 by his son Titus. Built of travertine limestone, tuff (a porous volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete, the Colosseum was an architectural marvel of its time.

Purpose and Design: The Colosseum was primarily designed as a venue for public spectacles, including gladiatorial contests, animal hunts (known as venationes), mock naval battles (naumachiae), and other forms of entertainment. With a seating capacity estimated at around 50,000 to 80,000 spectators, it was the largest amphitheater ever built in the Roman Empire. The elliptical shape of the arena allowed for optimal viewing from all angles, while a complex system of ramps, tunnels, and elevators facilitated the movement of people, animals, and scenery.

Events and Entertainment: Gladiatorial games were among the most popular events held at the Colosseum. These contests featured armed combatants, known as gladiators, who fought each other or wild animals for the amusement of the crowds. The spectacles often included elaborate sets, costumes, and special effects to heighten the drama and excitement. The Colosseum also hosted elaborate reenactments of famous battles, mythological scenes, and executions of criminals and prisoners of war.